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The seasonal allergic asthma is caused most commonly by pollen grains found in the surrounding atmosphere. Pollens are routinely shed from flowers of flora in the atmosphere. 

   

Pollen is a fine powdery substance by the anthers of flowers containing the fertilizing element. Insects, flies and other natural agents like air, rains, dust storms cause shedding and transfer of pollen from one plant to another for the process of pollination, fertilization and fruit formation. Pollens are responsible for majority of asthmatic attacks in every flowering season, depending on the susceptibility of patients. Therefore, usually a patient develops the asthma during the pollination period of a plant species, to which he is vulnerable. The pollens are carried in the atmosphere mostly by wind blows and dispersed unevenly here and there. Check these pollens before pollination season begins.

Harmful factor:
Asthma Induction

Useful factor:
Prevention of Asthma

  • Produced in large quantity.
  • Very fine in irrespirable range (2-10 u size) therefore enters into the airways easily.
  • Carried to long distances with winds and therefore sometimes affect a person miles away.
  • Maximal concentration in atmosphere before sunrise and after sunset.
  • With close contact can sensitise an atopic patient in few years time.
  • Pollens are present only during pollen season i.e. 2-3 months in a year. (Herbs from March to May and trees from September to November).
  • Indoor access in closed house and space is poor therefore protection is effective.
  • Allergy is species specific therefore shifting to another city can protect. 
  • Pollen of bright coloured flowers is  bigger in size therefore can not enter in airways Hence the majority of people are not allergic to the flower they love most.
 

How asthmatic patients are allergic to plants?    

Example:
Mahesh Kumar has been suffering from asthma since childhood. He used to have asthma only during February-March every year. In these days he had to spend many sleepless nights. His doctor advised him skin allergy testing. 

 

Curiosity:  

  • What was the reason for asthma of Mr. Mahesh?

  • How was he cured?

He was allergic to Holoptelia plant which gives flowers during February. Mahesh had a Holoptelia tree near his house. He managed to get that tree removed. It resulted in significant improvement in his asthma.

 

Expert Comments:

Certain plants cause allergy in asthma patients. Patients should keep themselves away from these.
 

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TRIGGER: POLLEN EXPOSURE

ASTHMATIC STYLE

Persons surrounded by flora 
(Persons on hilly areas, 
in garden)

  • Keeping away from trees ,weeds and plants specially 
    in pollination season.
  • Restrict your movements in the garden during pollination season or wear a mask and eye protection.
  • Residing away from the farms and gardens.
  • Sprinkling water reduces pollen load of the air. 
    Therefore sprinkle water just before sitting in 
    lawn during grass pollen season.
  • Cutting of identified allergic trees may be done before flowering season.
  • Offending pollens can be detected by allergy 
    testing and removing the particular plant 
    from the vicinity, is an efficient method of 
    protection & treatment.
  • There is a machine called "Ionizer" which attract 
    pollens. It can be used to minimize pollen in the room.
  
Agriculture Workers
  • Use wet mask and eye protection during work. 
    (Mask protect you from pollens).
   
In the House specially on windy days.
  • Keep windows closed most of the time specially during pollination season.
  • Wipe the floor twice with water. It will reduce 
    pollen load of the air.
  • Pollen density becomes less in air-conditioned 
    room therefore AC is better.
  
Dust on almirah and ventilators while using fan, in the beginning of summer
  • Before using  fans in the beginning of summer,
    get them, almirah, and other high places 
    cleaned with a wet cloth.
  
Brooming the Floor
  • Use face-mask and eye protection whilst dusting 
    your house because pollens settled on floor may
    enter in airway while brooming.
  • Get floor wiped with a wet cloth, twice a day 
    during troublesome season.
  
Moving on a scooter or bicycle
  • Use full mask helmet while riding on a scooter or 
    motor cycle.
  • Alternatively use a mask or nasal filter during
     riding scooter or a bicycle.
    
Cutting the trees or grass.
  • Use a mask.
  • Cutting should be done before flowering season.
  
During crop season
  • Minimize the outdoor activities.
  • While going on a two wheeler use a mask.
  • While moving in the car keep glass panes closed.
  • In the house after closing the windows and doors of 
    the room for 5-10 minutes (time taken by pollens to
    settle down where air is still in a room) wipe the floor
    with a wet cloth before switching the fan on.
  • HEPA filters can be used in room to protect 
    yourself from pollens ,though these are costly devices.
   
Traveling in trains or buses.
  • Use face-mask while travelling in a train or bus.
  • Use handkerchief to shield nose or close the 
    window while sitting near a window.
   
Moving out for morning walks.
  • Prefer to move out after sunrise and before 
    sunset. During day temperature goes up, and 
    the pollen density is reduced in the atmosphere.
   
Sitting or sleeping just under a fast revolving fan.
  • Cover face with sheet. 
  
In the months of March to May and September to November
  • During the season of offending pollen , keep 
    yourself indoor most of the time and restrict 
    movements in the garden.
 

Pollen Calendar

In order to establish whether an asthma patient is allergic to pollens, and if so to which pollens, detailed investigations are necessary. First of all, it is necessary to find out which plants- trees, shrubs, grasses and weeds- are present in the area. This needs surveying, identification and cataloguing of all the plants that grow throughout the year or in any one particular season. The next step is to ascertain which pollens are present in the air in the area under study different months of the year. This is done by exposing to the air Vaseline-coated glass slides, placed in an instrument called pollen-catcher. The pollen-catcher is placed on top of a building, in different localities, where there is a free flow of air. The pollens present in the air, on passing over the slides, get caught in the Vaseline. These slides are then examined under a microscope and the type and the number of different pollens are counted. This is done daily, throughout the year, and for three to 
five years. From these extensive observations, one comes to know: 1) the types of pollens present, 2) the month in which they are present and 3) their respective quantities. Thus, one can chart out a pollen calendar for the area. Knowledge of pollen calendar of an area is absolutely necessary for investigating a case of asthma. If, for instance, an asthma patient says that he gets symptoms in the month of March and April only, it is necessary that we know which pollens are present in the air during these two months.
 

Common Pollen Regions

Himalaya Region (Almora, Guwahati):
        Quercus, Cycadeceas, Cyperus (Nut Grass)

Gangetic Region: (Amritsar, Bareilly, Lucknow, Jaipur)
        Holoptelia interifolia, Azadirechta indica, Ailanthus excelsa

Peninsular Region (Bombay, Hyderabad, Mysore, Calicut, Vellore)
        Cosos nucifera, Ancardium occidentale, Casuarina equisetifolia


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